Fans are believed to date from around 3000BC, and were found in both Europe and the Far East. The earliest fans were fixed rather than folding. It is believed that the folding fan was developed in Japan and spread west to China. The first European folding fans were inspired by those brought back from the Far East and were reserved for royalty and the nobility. A fan consists of two parts: the monture (sticks and guards) and the leaf (the paper). Montures at this time were made from luxury materials such as ivory, mother of pearl and tortoiseshell, often carved and pierced and ornamented with silver, gold and precious stones. The leaves were painted by craftsmen (Fan Museum).
At the start of the seventeenth century, the fixed fan was still the norm in Europe, but by the end of the century folding fans had taken over. By the start of the eighteenth century folding fans were made throughout Europe and also imported from the Far East. At this time, the printed fan was also developed – these were much cheaper to make, and fans suddenly became accessible to a much wider audience. In the nineteenth century, brisé fans and printed fans dominated the cheaper end of the market, while the high end market was dominated by extremely lavish fans. The early twentieth century was dominated by advertising fans and feather fans for high society (Fan Museum).
Today, the fan is no longer a vital accessory, but commemorative fans are still produced for special occasions. See the Fan Museum website for a detailed history of the fan.
Types of fan:
Historically, occupations in fan making would have included stick makers, paper folders, fan painters and assemblers of fans, who would assemble everything together.
Short courses
The Heritage Craft Project by the Worshipful Company of Fan Makers
After two and a half years of research the Worshipful Company of Fan Makers have formed a partnership between UAL/Chelsea College of Art and West Dean College. UAL have set-up two modules on fans and fan making, over a four month period ,as part of their year 2 design degree students curriculum.
Chelsea Art College – In 2021 48 students completed a three month project “Re-thinking the fan” in which they studied the folding fan. The Worshipful Company of fan Makers selected the best ten student designs and students were sent down to West Dean for a one week residential course. This will be repeated for a further three years.
West Dean – In order to generate interest in the subject West Dean ran a series of one day fan making courses. There was great interest and all four one day courses were over subscribed, with 24 mature students studying the subject. West Dean organised and ran the one week’s residential course for the ten Chelsea students. The course involved specialist lecturers and tutors, ranging from paper folding engineers ,woodworkers to jewellers. One of the students has gone on to the RCA and intends to continue with her fan making studies.
The project will run for ten years and, in that time, the hope is to produce 2-3 fan makers who can make a living from the subject.
The Worshipful Company of Fanmakers have introduced a new bursary with UAL/Chelsea College of Art called the “Fan Makers Insite Bursary”. This is awarded to a new student who wishes to study the BA Hons Product Design course, It is an award of £15k spread over three years. The first recipient is currently studying product design at St Martins School of Art.
The Worshipful Company can now also be found on Instagram
Practitioner name: Caroline Allington
Other information: Highly skilled teacher of fan making for over 30 years she is currently leading workshops at West Dean College in Sussex.
Practitioner name: Tom Saunders
Business name: Croxford and Saunders
Website: https://www.instagram.com/tom_saunders_works/
Other information: Tom is a decorative painter working across a range of disciplines. He also makes painted fans and is a Liveryman at the Worshipful Company of Fanmakers.
Practitioner name: Stuart Johnson
Other information: Makes and sells fan sticks and fans, and works with lace makers.
Practitioner name: Peter Whittaker
Other information: Worked with The Fan Museum for a number of years and has continued at intervals to make fans for the museum.
Practitioner name: Victoria Ajoko
Business name: Fan the Glory with Tori
Website: https://fantheglorywithtori.com/
Practitioner name: Dawn Wylds
Other information: Current teacher at the Fan Museum
Practitioner name: Lorraine Taylor Kent
Other information: Amateur maker and conservator of fans
Practitioner name: Kate Colin
Other information: Kate is a paper artist who trained in fan making with funding from the
Heritage Crafts Endangered Craft Fund
Practitioner name: Sarah Baile
Other information: The Fan Museum’s conservator but not a maker of original fans.
Practitioner name: Charles Summers
Other information: A professional artist/fan painter rather than a fan maker. Has
painted fan leaves for Royalty and worked on numerous commissions for The Fan
Our thanks go to our 2025 reviewers:
We consult with a wide range of practitioners and organisations to review and update the Red List. Some choose to remain anonymous but all feedback is taken into account.
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