History

Every neon sign you have ever seen has been hand bent by a skilled artisan. Neon lighting was discovered in 1898 at University College London by British scientists William Ramsay and Morris W Travers. Georges Claude, a French engineer and inventor, introduced neon lighting to France in 1910, and it became increasingly popular by the 1920s, by which time it was also gaining popularity in the United States.

The main centre for neon production in the UK has been West Yorkshire, where at one time there were around two dozen workshops – but now about six or seven. Oldham Signs in Leeds was the largest neon fabricator in Europe at one point. Its neon department closed in 1994 and its makers were displaced to either set up their own workshops or leave the industry, though the company continued to supply general signage till 2003. Another large national maker was Pearce signs, whose last neon workshop closed in the 1990s.

 

Techniques

Glass tubes are bent using heat and skilled manipulation. A metal electrode is fitted at each end filled with one of a number of inert noble gases at low pressure. An electric charge ionizes the gas in the tube, causing it to emit coloured light.

 

Local forms

 

 

Sub-crafts

Allied crafts:

• Glass gift making, such as glass animals and figures etc often seen in gift shops

 

Issues affecting the viability of the craft

 

• Over the last 2 to 3 years there has been a rapid rise in the number of companies selling LED alternatives to neon, which are generally cheaper than neon signs (but also look cheaper as they are plastic). A lot of these companies are marketing their products in a mis-leading way, by actually referring to them as neon signs or LED neon signs.
• Unlike in the USA and the rest of Europe, neon has suffered a negative reputation as being associated with disreputable establishments. However, has now changed with a new fashion for the vintage, analogue and handmade.
• The three or four polytechnic courses that used to run neon related courses were all shut down in the 1990s and the courses have not been replaced. Training is now much more sporadic and depends on the availability and inclination of individual makers to pass on their skills.
• Many practitioners have been reluctant to pass on their skills due to the fear that they are setting up competitors and losing their own competitive advantage, though there are notable exceptions who are happy to pass on their skills openly.
• Trainees require a lot of investment of both time and money, and some end up leaving the craft to do other things.
• There are more designer-makers in the US, who have the idea and are able to realise it in neon themselves. In the UK, those who wish to use neon creatively are not often as willing to learn the craft and would rather commission someone else to do it for them. As a result, the craft is devalued by artists and their public in favour of the concept that lies behind the work. Some UK makers are also artists in their own right, however, so can champion both the art and craft of neon at the same time. Whilst the art industry has increased the level of appreciation of the neon industry’s craft of glass bending, the general sign industry has shrunk by probably 70 or 80 to 90 per cent.
• As the market reduces it becomes harder for suppliers to continue to stock the full range of glass diameters and phospher colours.
• Neon is challenging, complicated and costly to produce, and processing is potentially dangerous. Despite this, it is more energy efficient than any other form of lighting, including LEDs, and neon lights are totally recyclable.

 

Support organisations

• International Sign Association UK

 

Craftspeople currently known

• Neon Workshops
• Neon Creations – 3 neon benders in house
• Julia Bickerstaff, Leeds – NeonCraft
• Carousel Lights
• A1deSIGNS
• Cabot Neon Signs
• Andy Doig, Brighton – Fishtail Neon
• Nick Malyon, Farnham, Surrey – Neon Neon
• Marcus Bracey – God’s Own Junkyard
• CCS Neon
• Adrian Gates – The Neon Sign Company
• Mark Brewis, Nottingham – MB Neon
• Optimum Neon – Preston
• Solas Neon – Scotland
• Katherine Huskie

Neon Circus do not fabricate neon but provide neon lighting for a range of applications. Rebecca Mason in Folkestone is still in training and is glass bending for her own artwork only.

 

Other information

It takes around 5 years in total of working on the job to learn all aspects of neon sign making to a good level. Whilst there are a lot of ‘hobbyist’ neon sign makers, they don’t possess the in-depth knowledge that can only be gained from experience.

Neon Workshops provides a range of services, from artists commissioning work that is made totally by in-house craftspeople, to enabling the artist to come and learn the skills and have a more hands-on approach. They also provide workshops for the general public to try the craft. They are about to set up a month long course. However, they are careful not to set up too many people as practitioners without the market to support their continued practice.

 

References

• The Guardian, Leeds basks in neon history
• BBC, Neon signs: an enduring love affair