Heritage Crafts

Coppersmithing (objects)

The making of objects from copper, including sculpture, plates and cookware, dishes, tea and coffee pots, jugs, vases, coal scuttles, pans, lanterns, crosses for churches etc (see the separate entry for coppersmithing stills).

At present, this entry does not include copper jewellery making because, whilst there are skills in common, the use of copper to make larger objects encompasses a wider skill base.
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
Status
Critical
Craft category
Metal
Historic area of significance
UK
Area practiced currently
UK
Origin in the UK
Bronze Age
Current No. of professionals (Main income)
1-5 (This is specifically those who are offering a full range of coppersmithing skills to make traditional copper objects)
Current No. of professionals (Side income)
1-5

History

Coppersmithing in the UK dates back to the Bronze Age, with the production of copper goods for functional and decorative purposes.

Ornamental copperware flourished in the UK in the 1800s, becoming more well known as a key skill in the Arts and Craft movement in the early 1900s. Coppersmithing as a hand skill declined after the Second World War, as development in mechanisation processes grew and access to more expensive quality metals was restricted. It declined further in the 1970s when those working in the sheet-metal trade took on much of the coppersmith’s work leaving a limited trade for coppersmiths (primarily making copper pipes for use in plumbing and aviation). More recently, the global rise in the popularity of whisky has created a demand for authentic copper distilling stills made by coppersmiths in Scotland, although this is on a more industrial level. There is still a small market for bespoke hand-made ecclesiastical objects, like copper linings for church fonts.

There had been centres of ornamental work in both Keswick, Cumbria, and Newlyn, Cornwall, each with a distinct style and places to study the craft.

The tradition of making copper pots and pans in the UK dates back to the 18th century, when copper became a favoured material for cookware due to its excellent heat conductivity and durability. During this period, the rise of industrialisation brought advancements in metalworking techniques, allowing craftsmen to create finely crafted copper vessels. Towns such as Birmingham and Sheffield became renowned hubs for metal goods, including copper cookware. Artisans often lined copper pots with tin to prevent the metal from reacting with food, a practice that remains essential today. By the Victorian era, copper cookware had become a staple in both domestic and professional kitchens, prized for its performance and aesthetic appeal. However, the advent of mass production and alternative materials like stainless steel and aluminium in the 20th century led to a decline in traditional copper craftsmanship.

Techniques

The coppersmith draws on the skills of the blacksmith, silversmith, turner, spinner, sheet metal worker and tinsmith. Coppersmithing incorporates numerous techniques such as hand raising, brazing, hand blocking out, annealing, hand pierces, stone setting, panel beating etc. There are crossovers with techniques used by blacksmiths and jewellers.

Local forms

Notable styles of copper work appeared in Keswick, Cumbria and in Newlyn, Cornwall (primarily repoussé work).

Issues affecting the viability

  • Market issues: Many of the traditional uses of copper (and brass and tinplate) have been replaced with plastics, or the technology has been superseded, making the trade redundant. For example copper (and copper-alloy) canteens have been replaced with plastic bottles, watering cans are now plastic, buckets are plastic, copper lanterns are now plastic torches etc. The everyday objects that were copper have largely gone from everyday life.
  • Competition from overseas markets: Copper bowls are still made in large numbers cheaply but using traditional methods in India, the Middle East and North Africa which means shops can carry large numbers of imported hand raised bowls at low cost which is almost impossible to compete with for UK based makers.
  • Loss of skills: As the manufacture of copper utensils moved from hand beating (or machine battery) to deep drawing in presses or to just copper plating steel utensils, it has meant that new entrants to the craft have had to work out how it had been done and tools were needed.
  • Market issues: The market is underdeveloped and people are hesitant to go into a career and craft that has a limited market. The market is developing but it does need someone or a collection of agencies to develop these markets.
  • Market issues: Time spent looking for markets (which do exist) takes time away from making.
  • Shortage of craftspeople: There is a lack of craftspeople, trainees and apprentices within coppersmithing. There are fewer than 12 people working with copper, and their skill level is not necessarily known.
  • Training issues: There is a desperate need to take on apprentices/trainees but there is a lack of funding to do so.
  • Perceived value of the craft: Makers will start working in copper and switch to silver because they realise they can charge higher prices because people are prepared to pay more for a higher value material (but not prepared to pay for the skills).

Support organisations

Training organisations

Formal training opportunities in coppersmithing are scarce but some makers, like the Copper Works Newlyn, will sometimes take on trainees if they have capacity.

The Copper Works Newlyn has been providing a free weekly class to local children for more than twelve years. The Copper Works is deeply committed to ensuring the future of the craft and establish a sustainable infrastructure to become a long term home for the craft of the coppersmith in the UK.

Craftspeople currently known

  • Siân Evans
  • John Wills, Copper Elf – describes himself as a ‘brazier’ making replicas of historic cookware
  • Scott Robbie, Scotland
  • Robert Fuller, Essex – seventh generation metal worker and cousin of John Fuller, author of The Art of Coppersmithing (1894)
  • Alan Jordan, William Sugg & Co. Ltd – makes heritage lighting
  • Roy Evans – Copper sculpture

The UK’s pre-eminent coppersmith Sam Fanaroff BEM died in February 2019.

Businesses employing two or more makers:

Other information

The Copper Works Newlyn has been providing a free weekly class to local children for more than twelve years. The Copper Works is deeply committed to ensuring the future of the craft and establish a sustainable infrastructure to become a long term home for the craft of the coppersmith in the UK.

References

  • Berryman, Hazel, (1986) Arts and Crafts in Newlyn
  • Bennett, Daryl, and Pill, Colin, Arts and Crafts Copper Work in Newlyn
  • “Art of Coppersmithing – A Practical Treatise on Working Sheet Copper Into All Forms” by John Fuller

Red List informants 2025

Our thanks go to our 2025 informants:

  • Siân E. Evans
  • Robert Fuller
  • John Wills

We consult with a wide range of practitioners and organisations to review and update the Red List. Some choose to remain anonymous but all feedback is taken into account.

If you would like to suggest any changes or additions to this page please contact us here

National Lottery Heritage Fund
Swire Charitable Trust
The Royal Mint
Pilgrim Trust
Maxwell/Hanrahan Foundation
William Grant Foundation

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